Sartorius, N. (2006). The Meanings of Health and its Promotion. Croatian Medical Journal, 47(4): 662–664. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080455/

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This article discusses three definitions of health. 

The first is that health is the absence of disease or impairment. The second is that health is a state in which an individual can adequately cope with the demands of life. The third is that health is a state of balance that an individual establishes within himself and his social and physical environment.

Huber, M. (2011). Health: How should we define it? British Medical Journal, 343, (7817), 235-237. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314

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This article argues that the WHO definition of health as complete wellbeing is no longer fit  given the rise of chronic disease, and proposes changing the emphasis towards the ability to adapt and self manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional challenges.

Bircher, J., Kuruvilla, S., (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: New opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3): 363-386. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jphp.2014.19

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This document outlines the Meikirch Model of Health which outlines health as a complex adaptive system with ongoing interactions between the individuals’ potentials, demands of life, and the influence of social and environmental determinants. 

What Determines Health? (2011). Government of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/what-determines-health.html

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The Government of Canada examines factors both inside and outside the health care system that affect our overall health. The twelve key determinants of health are discussed within this document. 

What is health? The Ability to Adapt. (2009). The Lancet, 373 (9666): 781. Retrieved from

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673609604566/fulltext

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This article states that health is not a fixed entity and varies for every individual depending on their circumstances.  describes health as the ability to adapt to one's environment. Health varies for every individual depending on their circumstances. 

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World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Constitution of WHO: Principles. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/about/mission/en/

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The definition of health according to the World Health Organization which was entered into force in 1948.

Unit 4: Multilevel Approaches to Understanding Health-Beyond the Individual

Canadian Council on Social Determinants of Health. (2015). A Review of Frameworks on the Determinants of Health. Retrieved from http://ccsdh.ca/images/uploads/Frameworks_Report_English.pdf

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This document provides a summary of seven different frameworks that have been developed based on the determinants of health. These frameworks describe and illustrate how health is influenced.

Frieden, T.R. (2010). A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid. American Journal of Public Health, 100 (4): 590-595. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836340/

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In contrast to most ecological frameworks with the individual in the center, this document describes the framework of a five-tier pyramid for public health action with socioeconomic factors listed at the base of the pyramid and having the greatest potential to improve health.

Psychology Notes HQ. (2010). What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory? Retrieved from https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-theory/

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This document summarizes American Psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and the five levels of external influence on how a child will grow and develop. The five levels of influence include the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem.   

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Economic and Social Research Council. (2018). The Dahlgren-Whitehead Rainbow. Retrieved from http://www.esrc.ac.uk/about-us/50-years-of-esrc/50-achievements/the-dahlgren-whitehead-rainbow/

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This document briefly summarizes the Dahlgren-Whitehead Rainbow model which describes the relationship between individuals and their environment and health.

Bircher, J., Kuruvilla, S., (2014). Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants: New opportunities for health care and public health. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(3): 363-386. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jphp.2014.19

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This document outlines the Meikirch Model of Health which outlines health as a complex adaptive system with ongoing interactions between the individuals’ potentials, demands of life, and the influence of social and environmental determinants. 

Unit 5: Chronic Disease Prevention and Management